Analysis of influenza A virus nucleoproteins for the assessment of molecular genetic mechanisms leading to new phylogenetic virus lineages
Identifieur interne : 001F15 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001F14; suivant : 001F16Analysis of influenza A virus nucleoproteins for the assessment of molecular genetic mechanisms leading to new phylogenetic virus lineages
Auteurs : C. Scholtissek [Allemagne] ; S. Ludwig [Allemagne] ; W. M. Fitch [États-Unis]Source :
- Archives of Virology [ 0304-8608 ] ; 1993-09-01.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Acid replacements, Amino, Amino acid positions, Amino acid replacements, Amino acid sequences, Amino acids, Antigenic shift, Avian, Avian branch, Avian branches, Avian influenza, Avian origin, Avian strains, Avian virus, Avian viruses, Biological evolution, Brief review, Classical swine, Classical swine virus, Classical swine viruses, Clear plaques, Common ancestor, Common root, Different regions, Different species, Different times, Double infection, Evolutionary rates, Federal republic, Fitch, Fluctuation, Fowl plague virus, Gene, Gene constellation, Gene products, Genetic relatedness, Host range, Human influenza, Human population, Human strains, Influenza, Influenza virus, Influenza viruses, Less error, Lineage, Lipid bilayer, Major branches, Mammalian species, Mutant, Mutation, Northern europe, Nucleoprotein, Nucleotide, Nucleotide substitutions, Other strains, Phylogenetic, Phylogenetic analysis, Phylogenetic tree, Phylogenetic trees, Plaque, Polymerase, Rapid evolution, Rare event, Rescue frequency, Scholtissek, Selection pressure, Side branches, Sigmoidal curve, Species specificity, Specific replacement, Stable introduction, Strains rescue rescue frequencies, Substitution, Such fluctuations, Such variants, Swine, Swine viruses, Turbid plaques, Various strains, Virol, Virol gorman, Virology, Virus, Virus nucleoproteins.
Abstract
Summary: The nucleoprotein (NP) gene of influenza A viruses is decisive for separating two large individually evolving reservoirs in birds and humans. A phylogenetic analysis of the NP gene revealed that all mammalian influenza viruses originated — directly or indirectly — from an avian ancestor. The stable introduction of an avian influenza A virus into a mammalian species seems to be a relatively rare event, the latest one occurred in 1979 when such an avian virus was introduced into pigs in Northern Europe which gave rise to a new lineage. At least two concomitant events are required for such a new and stable introduction: (1) The new species has to become infected, and (2) a mutation in the polymerase complex has to establish a labile variant, which is prone to provide a large number of different variants, from which some can adapt rapidly to the new host (or to any unusual environments). Since such mutator mutations might be advantageous only during stress periods, variants with a less error prone polymerase might emerge again after adaptation. Examples for such fluctuations in terms of mutational and evolutionary rates are discussed in this brief review.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/BF01378629
Affiliations:
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A phylogenetic analysis of the NP gene revealed that all mammalian influenza viruses originated — directly or indirectly — from an avian ancestor. The stable introduction of an avian influenza A virus into a mammalian species seems to be a relatively rare event, the latest one occurred in 1979 when such an avian virus was introduced into pigs in Northern Europe which gave rise to a new lineage. At least two concomitant events are required for such a new and stable introduction: (1) The new species has to become infected, and (2) a mutation in the polymerase complex has to establish a labile variant, which is prone to provide a large number of different variants, from which some can adapt rapidly to the new host (or to any unusual environments). Since such mutator mutations might be advantageous only during stress periods, variants with a less error prone polymerase might emerge again after adaptation. Examples for such fluctuations in terms of mutational and evolutionary rates are discussed in this brief review.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li></region></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Scholtissek, C" sort="Scholtissek, C" uniqKey="Scholtissek C" first="C." last="Scholtissek">C. Scholtissek</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ludwig, S" sort="Ludwig, S" uniqKey="Ludwig S" first="S." last="Ludwig">S. Ludwig</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Fitch, W M" sort="Fitch, W M" uniqKey="Fitch W" first="W. M." last="Fitch">W. M. Fitch</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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